Physical Attributes of Tree Holes in the Atlantic Forest Edges: Evaluating Their Association with the Presence and Abundance of Immature Haemagogus leucocelaenus

Sylvatic yellow fever (SYF) was recently a health issue in Brazil (2016–2019) because transmission facilitated by high density of vectors, amplifying hosts, and low vaccine coverage the human population, especially urban forests Southeast Region Brazil. Moreover, forest edges are more likely to have contact between sylvatic vector mosquito populations. Here, we show association abiotic biotic features tree holes as Haemagogus leucocelaenus rearing sites Cantareira State Park Atlantic Forest edges. The analyzed physical were diameter at breast height, hole opening diameter, depth, trunk volume, collected height (varying from 0.02 4.2 m above ground), presence Culicidae species other than Hg. leucocelaenus. We 105 positive 68 negative water samples for larval found no differences them, suggesting lack specific characteristics these categories. abundance correlated with volume holes. that most represented breeding Euplassa cantareirae, Guarea macrophylla, Psychotria suterella, Tibouchina pulchra. Four significant clusters areas risk SYV identified Get-Ordis spatial analysis. Although larvae levels, their occurrence regulated species. Our findings contribute clarifying immature ecology related exposure SYF